インストール: Qt5 | 至高のGUIライブラリー

GUIライブラリーであるQt5をソースコードからインストールする。

QtはKDEのライブラリーとして，Linux黎明期からオープンソースの世界で使われている歴史の長いクロスプラットフォームのライブラリーだ。Qtを使うことで，Windows, Linux, Macのデスクトップと，Android, iOSなどのモバイル環境にも対応可能なアプリケーションを開発できる。

sh -eux <<-"EOT"
PKG=qt5 VER=5.12.4 TAG=v$VER
LOCAL=~/.local J=$(grep -cs '^processor' /proc/cpuinfo || echo 2)
mkdir -p "$LOCAL/src"
cd "$LOCAL/src"

if command -v git >/dev/null; then
  [ -e $PKG ] || git clone --depth 1 git://code.qt.io/qt/qt5.git $PKG
  cd $PKG
  git fetch --depth 1 origin tag $TAG
  git checkout -f $TAG
  ## status (addon, deprecated, essential, ignore) の全取得
  # for status in $(git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp status | sort -uk 2 | cut -d ' ' -f 2 ); do
  # for status in essential addon; do
  # for status in essential; do # qtbase, qtdeclarative, qtmultimedia, qttools, qttranslations, qtdoc, qtrepotools, qtqa, qtquickcontrols2
  #  git submodule update --init --depth 1 --progress $(
  #    git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp status $status | cut -d . -f 2
  #  )
  # done
  for module in qtbase; do
    git submodule update --init --depth 1 --progress $module
  done
  git clean -dfX
  [ -e .gitmodules ] && git submodule foreach --recursive git clean -dfX
  [ -e configure.ac ] && autoreconf -is
else
  [ -e $PKG-$VER ] || wget http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/${VER%.*}/$VER/single/qt-everywhere-src-$VER.tar.xz
  tar -xf $PKG-$VER.*
  cd $PKG-$VER
  make -kj $J distclean clean || :
fi

CCACHE=$(command -v ccache >/dev/null && echo -ccache)
./configure --prefix="$LOCAL/stow/$PKG-$VER/qt5" \
  -opensource -confirm-license $CCACHE -developer-build -no-compile-examples -nomake examples \
  QMAKE_LIBS+="-lxcb-shm"
make -j $J
# make -j $J TZ= LANG=en_US.UTF-8 check
make -j $J install

cd "$LOCAL/stow"
echo $PKG-[0-9]* | xargs -n 1 stow --ignore=dir -D
stow --ignore=dir $PKG-$VER
EOT

QT_HOME="$LOCAL/qt5"
if [ -d "$QT_HOME" ]; then
  export QT_HOME
  export PATH="$QT_HOME/bin:$PATH"
  export CPATH="$QT_HOME/include:$CPATH"
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$QT_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
  export LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$QT_HOME/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
fi

git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp status | sort -uk 2 | cut -d ' ' -f 2

addon
deprecated
essential
ignore

status=essential
git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp status $status | cut -d . -f 2

qtbase
qtdeclarative
qtmultimedia
qttools
qttranslations
qtdoc
qtrepotools
qtqa
qtquickcontrols2

  ## status (addon, deprecated, essential, ignore) の全取得
  # for status in $(git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp status | sort -uk 2 | cut -d ' ' -f 2 ); do
  # for status in essential addon; do
  for status in essential; do # qtbase, qtdeclarative, qtmultimedia, qttools, qttranslations, qtdoc, qtrepotools, qtqa, qtquickcontrols2
     git submodule update --init --depth 1 --progress $(
       git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp status $status | cut -d . -f 2
     )
  done

  for module in qtbase; do
    git submodule update --init --depth 1 --progress $module
  done

make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/kernel/qpointer'
/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/kernel/qpointer/target_wrapper.sh  ./tst_qpointer 
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not find the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in ""
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.

Available platform plugins are: eglfs, linuxfb, minimal, minimalegl, offscreen, vnc.

make[6]: *** [Makefile:813: check] Aborted (core dumped)
make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/kernel/qpointer'

config.summaryでX11 specifigがyesになっていないとビルドされないようだ。

Features used by QPA backends:
  evdev .................................. yes
  libinput ............................... no
  INTEGRITY HID .......................... no
  mtdev .................................. no
  tslib .................................. no
  xkbcommon .............................. yes
  X11 specific:
    XLib ................................. yes
    XCB Xlib ............................. yes
    EGL on X11 ........................... yes

X11 specificがyesになるように，事前にXCBをインストールしておく。

XCBをインストールして，上記のconfig.summaryの状態になった状態でビルドするとlibqxcb.soのビルドで以下のビルドエラーが出た。

make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb/xcb-static'
( test -e Makefile.xcb_qpa_lib || /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/bin/qmake -o Makefile.xcb_qpa_lib /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb/xcb_qpa_lib.pro ) && make -f Makefile.xcb_qpa_lib
make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb'
rm -f libQt5XcbQpa.so.5.12.4 libQt5XcbQpa.so libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 libQt5XcbQpa.so.5.12
g++ -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,--version-script,QtXcbQpa.version -Wl,-O1 -fuse-ld=gold -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -Wl,-z,origin -Wl,-rpath,\$ORIGIN -shared -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-soname,libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 -o libQt5XcbQpa.so.5.12.4 .obj/qxcbclipboard.o .obj/qxcbconnection.o .obj/qxcbintegration.o .obj/qxcbkeyboard.o .obj/qxcbmime.o .obj/qxcbscreen.o .obj/qxcbwindow.o .obj/qxcbbackingstore.o .obj/qxcbwmsupport.o .obj/qxcbnativeinterface.o .obj/qxcbcursor.o .obj/qxcbimage.o .obj/qxcbxsettings.o .obj/qxcbsystemtraytracker.o .obj/qxcbeventqueue.o .obj/qxcbeventdispatcher.o .obj/qxcbconnection_basic.o .obj/qxcbconnection_screens.o .obj/qxcbatom.o .obj/qxcbdrag.o .obj/qxcbconnection_xi2.o .obj/qxcbsessionmanager.o .obj/qxcbglintegrationfactory.o .obj/qxcbglintegration.o .obj/qxcbnativeinterfacehandler.o .obj/qtessellator.o .obj/qpixmap_x11.o .obj/qpaintengine_x11.o .obj/qcolormap_x11.o .obj/qbackingstore_x11.o .obj/qxcbnativepainting.o .obj/moc_qxcbclipboard.o .obj/moc_qxcbconnection.o .obj/moc_qxcbmime.o .obj/moc_qxcbnativeinterface.o .obj/moc_qxcbsystemtraytracker.o .obj/moc_qxcbeventqueue.o .obj/moc_qxcbeventdispatcher.o .obj/moc_qxcbconnection_basic.o .obj/moc_qxcbglintegrationplugin.o  /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5ServiceSupport.a /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5ThemeSupport.a /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5FontDatabaseSupport.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontconfig.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so /home/senooken/.local/lib/libz.so /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5Gui.so /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5EdidSupport.a /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5DBus.so /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libQt5Core.so -lpthread /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so /home/senooken/.local/stow/libxcb-1.13.1/lib/libxcb.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrender.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSM.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libICE.so /home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/lib/libxcb-static.a /home/senooken/.local/stow/libxkbcommon-0.8.4/lib/libxkbcommon-x11.so /home/senooken/.local/stow/libxkbcommon-0.8.4/lib/libxkbcommon.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgthread-2.0.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so /home/senooken/.local/lib/libz.so
.obj/qxcbbackingstore.o:qxcbbackingstore.cpp:function QXcbBackingStoreImage::createShmSegment(unsigned long): error: undefined reference to 'xcb_shm_create_segment'
.obj/qxcbbackingstore.o:qxcbbackingstore.cpp:function QXcbBackingStoreImage::createShmSegment(unsigned long): error: undefined reference to 'xcb_shm_create_segment_reply'
.obj/qxcbbackingstore.o:qxcbbackingstore.cpp:function QXcbBackingStoreImage::createShmSegment(unsigned long): error: undefined reference to 'xcb_shm_create_segment_reply_fds'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

リンク時に，-lxcb-shmが抜けている。

Makefileを追いかけて特定する。qt5リポジトリーのMakefileをみると，qtbaseに移動してqmakeを実行，

cd qtbase
./bin/qmake -o Makefile qtbase.pro
make -j $J qmake_all

ag libxcb-shmで検索すると，qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb/xcb-static/xcb-static.proがヒットする。このファイルでxcb関係のビルドを設定しているらしい。

qtbase/src/gui/configure.json:651:                { "type": "pkgConfig", "args": "xcb-shm" },
qtbase/src/gui/configure.json:652:                "-lxcb-shm"
qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb/xcb-static/xcb-static.pro:3:# libxcb-fixes, libxcb-randr, libxcb-shm, libxcb-sync, libxcb-image,

configure.jsonで設定を判定しているようだ。ここの設定を追いかけて，xcb-shmが有効になるように試みる。

設定の依存関係が以下となっている。

xcb_shm --> xcb_image
xcb_shm --> xcb_syslibs
xcb_image --> xcb_syslibs
xcb_syslibs --> system-xcb

結局，OSのxcbであるxcb_syslibsが必要になる。

これはでは実現不可能なため，別の方法でビルドオプションを渡す。

configure –helpを見ると，_LIBS変数で変数を渡せるらしい。試しに，以下の変数をconfigure実行時に指定してみるが，変化がない。

XCB_SHM_LIBS="-lxcb-shm"

どうにかして-lxcb-shmをビルドオプションにねじ込む。ビルド時のログから，該当のMakefileを探す。

make[5]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb'

以下のファイルがlibqxcb.soビルドに使っているMakefileだ。

qtbase/src/plugins/platforms/xcb/Makefile:115:    $(MAKE) -f Makefile.xcb-plugin qmake_all

さらに，ポイントを絞るとMakefile.xcb-pluginのようだ。ただし，このMakefileはxcb-plugin.proからqmakeで生成されている。

そこで，qmakeの変数でビルドオプションを渡せないか試す。

./configure --prefix="$LOCAL/stow/$PKG-$VER" \
  -opensource -confirm-license -nomake examples -make tests QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+="-lxcb-shm"

QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+="-lxcb-shm"だと届かない。CXX_FLAGSではなく，QMAKE_LIBSでやる。

./configure --prefix="$LOCAL/stow/$PKG-$VER" \
  -opensource -confirm-license -nomake examples -make tests QMAKE_LIBS+="-lxcb-shm"

これで無事にビルドが通った。

make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/tools/qdatetime'
/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/tools/qdatetime/target_wrapper.sh  ./tst_qdatetime 
********* Start testing of tst_QDateTime *********
Config: Using QtTest library 5.12.4, Qt 5.12.4 (x86_64-little_endian-lp64 shared (dynamic) release build; by GCC 7.4.0)
QDEBUG : tst_QDateTime::initTestCase() Current local time detected to be ahead of UTC but isn't the Central European timezone
...
FAIL!  : tst_QDateTime::toString_textDate_extra() Compared values are not the same
   Actual   (dt.toString())                           : "Thu Jan 1 09:00:00 1970"
   Expected (QLatin1String("Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970")): "Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970"
   Loc: [tst_qdatetime.cpp(925)]
...
Totals: 447 passed, 1 failed, 32 skipped, 0 blacklisted, 61ms
********* Finished testing of tst_QDateTime *********
make[6]: *** [Makefile:630: check] Error 1
make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/tools/qdatetime'

make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/tools/qtimezone'
/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/tools/qtimezone/target_wrapper.sh  ./tst_qtimezone 
********* Start testing of tst_QTimeZone *********
Config: Using QtTest library 5.12.4, Qt 5.12.4 (x86_64-little_endian-lp64 shared (dynamic) debug build; by GCC 7.4.0)
PASS   : tst_QTimeZone::initTestCase()
...
FAIL!  : tst_QTimeZone::tzTest() 'tzpd.isValid()' returned FALSE. ()
   Loc: [tst_qtimezone.cpp(909)]
...
Totals: 1037 passed, 1 failed, 1 skipped, 0 blacklisted, 386ms
********* Finished testing of tst_QTimeZone *********
make[6]: *** [Makefile:639: check] Error 1
make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/tools/qtimezone'

make -j $J TZ= LANG=en_US.UTF-8 check

make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/gui/text/qfontdatabase'
/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/gui/text/qfontdatabase/target_wrapper.sh  ./tst_qfontdatabase 
********* Start testing of tst_QFontDatabase *********
Config: Using QtTest library 5.12.4, Qt 5.12.4 (x86_64-little_endian-lp64 shared (dynamic) debug build; by GCC 7.4.0)

...
FAIL!  : tst_QFontDatabase::systemFixedFont() 'fdbSaysFixed' returned FALSE. ()
   Loc: [tst_qfontdatabase.cpp(168)]
...
Totals: 15 passed, 1 failed, 8 skipped, 0 blacklisted, 291ms
********* Finished testing of tst_QFontDatabase *********
make[6]: *** [Makefile:646: check] Error 1
make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/gui/text/qfontdatabase'

void tst_QFontDatabase::systemFixedFont() // QTBUG-54623
{
    QFont font = QFontDatabase::systemFont(QFontDatabase::FixedFont);
    QFontInfo fontInfo(font);
    bool fdbSaysFixed = QFontDatabase().isFixedPitch(fontInfo.family(), fontInfo.styleName());
    qCDebug(lcTests) << "system fixed font is" << font << "really fixed?" << fdbSaysFixed << fontInfo.fixedPitch();
    QVERIFY(fdbSaysFixed);
    QVERIFY(fontInfo.fixedPitch());
}

QDEBUG : tst_QFontDatabase::systemFixedFont() "Takaoゴシック" ,  "Regular"

make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/io/qtemporarydir'
/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/io/qtemporarydir/target_wrapper.sh  ./tst_qtemporarydir 
********* Start testing of tst_QTemporaryDir *********
Config: Using QtTest library 5.12.4, Qt 5.12.4 (x86_64-little_endian-lp64 shared (dynamic) debug build; by GCC 7.4.0)
...
FAIL!  : tst_QTemporaryDir::QTBUG_4796(<unicode>XXXXXX) 'fileName1.startsWith(prefix)' returned FALSE. ()
   Loc: [tst_qtemporarydir.cpp(485)]
...
Totals: 29 passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped, 0 blacklisted, 83ms
********* Finished testing of tst_QTemporaryDir *********
make[6]: *** [Makefile:640: check] Error 1
make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/corelib/io/qtemporarydir'

make -j $J TZ= LANG=en_US.UTF-8 check

make[6]: Entering directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection'
/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection/target_wrapper.sh  ./tst_qhttpnetworkconnection 
********* Start testing of tst_QHttpNetworkConnection *********
Config: Using QtTest library 5.12.4, Qt 5.12.4 (x86_64-little_endian-lp64 shared (dynamic) debug build; by GCC 7.4.0)
QWARN  : tst_QHttpNetworkConnection::initTestCase() Could not lookup "qt-test-server.qt-test-net"
QWARN  : tst_QHttpNetworkConnection::initTestCase() Please configure the test environment!
QWARN  : tst_QHttpNetworkConnection::initTestCase() See /etc/hosts or network-settings.h
FAIL!  : tst_QHttpNetworkConnection::initTestCase() 'QtNetworkSettings::verifyTestNetworkSettings()' returned FALSE. ()
   Loc: [tst_qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp(104)]
PASS   : tst_QHttpNetworkConnection::cleanupTestCase()
Totals: 1 passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped, 0 blacklisted, 12ms
********* Finished testing of tst_QHttpNetworkConnection *********
make[6]: *** [Makefile:639: check] Error 1
make[6]: Leaving directory '/home/senooken/.local/src/qt5/qtbase/tests/auto/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection'

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/senooken/QtExample
cd QtExample/Hello
qmake
make
./main.exe